What Are Whippets? Understanding the Hidden Dangers of Nitrous Oxide Abuse

June 23, 2025

What Are Whippets?

Whippets are a slang term for nitrous oxide (N2O) when used recreationally as a dangerous inhalant. Also known as “laughing gas” or “hippie crack,” nitrous oxide is a colorless, sweet-smelling gas that has legitimate medical and commercial uses but becomes one of the most dangerous chemical substances when misused for its psychoactive effects.

The term “whippets” comes from one of the most common sources of recreational nitrous oxide: whipped cream dispensers and their small metal cartridges (called “whip-its” or “nangs”). These nitrous oxide canisters contain pressurized gas, which is typically released into balloons or inhaled directly for a brief but intense euphoric effect.

Common Street Names for Whippets

Nitrous oxide misuse goes by many names, including:

Laughing gas
Nitro
NOS or Nossies
Nangs
Balloons
Whip-its
Hippie crack
Sweet air
Galaxy Gas

The Rising Prevalence of Whippet Abuse: Alarming Statistics

Recent studies reveal the widespread nature of nitrous oxide abuse, particularly among young people. According to the 2014 Global Drug Survey, which represents the largest survey of recreational drug use worldwide with 74,864 participants, nitrous oxide shows concerning prevalence rates:

38.6% lifetime prevalence in the UK
29.4% lifetime prevalence in the US
In the UK, nitrous oxide was the eighth most commonly used substance

More recent data from The Lancet Public Health shows the problem is escalating:

22.5% of respondents in a 32,000-person survey across 22 countries had used nitrous oxide in their lifetime
Almost 10% had used it in the past year
Global increase from 10% in 2015 to 20% in 2021 over 7-year trends
Among people aged 16-24 years, 24% used nitrous oxide in 2021 according to a survey of 592,000 people globally

In the United States, data from SAMHSA indicates that 3.0% of adolescents and 1.7% of adults aged 18 to 25 reported using inhalants within the past year in 2019, with prevalence continuing to increase.

How Nitrous Oxide Became a Recreational Drug

Nitrous oxide was first synthesized in 1772 and has been used medically since the 1840s as an anesthetic. Its euphoric effects were quickly discovered, leading to “laughing gas parties” in the 19th century. Today, nitrous oxide serves several legitimate purposes:

Medical procedures including dental procedures as an anesthetic
Food preparation as a propellant in whipped cream dispensers and cream cans
Automotive enhancement to boost engine performance
Industrial applications in manufacturing and welding

Despite these legitimate uses, the accessibility of nitrous oxide in everyday products has made it one of the most commonly abused inhalants. The CDC reports a sharp increase in adverse medical encounters associated with nitrous oxide misuse, particularly among teenagers and young adults who can easily obtain whippet canisters from grocery stores.

What Happens When Someone Uses Whippets?

Short-Term Effects of Nitrous Oxide

When inhaled, nitrous oxide rapidly enters the bloodstream and affects the central nervous system and body functions. Users typically experience:

Euphoric Effects:

Intense euphoric effect and giddiness
Uncontrollable laughter
Feelings of floating or dissociation
Auditory hallucinations or visual distortions
Sense of time distortion
Loss of inhibition

Physical Effects:

Dizziness and lightheadedness
Poor coordination and loss of balance
Numbness in limbs and loss of sensation
Nausea and potential vomiting
Temporary hearing impairment
Muscle weakness and loss of muscle tone
Breathing trouble
Loss of blood pressure
Loss of consciousness

Duration of Effects

The effects of whippets are notoriously short-lived, typically lasting only 2-5 minutes. This brief duration often leads users to take straight shots repeatedly in quick succession, significantly increasing health complications and putting their lives at risk.

How Are Whippets Used?

Understanding the methods of nitrous oxide inhalation can help identify potential misuse:

Common Methods of Use

Whipped Cream Dispensers: Users discharge nitrous oxide canisters into balloons or directly into their mouths
Medical-Grade Canisters: Some users access larger, professional-grade nitrous oxide tanks
Household Products: Misuse of whipped cream dispensers and other household items
Balloon Method: The most common technique involves filling balloons with gas and inhaling from them

Why Balloons Are Used

Many users prefer the balloon method because:

It allows the gas to warm slightly before inhalation
Reduces risk of frostbite from extremely cold gas
Enables re-breathing to prolong effects
Appears less suspicious than direct inhalation from canisters

The Legal Status of Whippets

Nitrous oxide itself is completely legal to purchase and possess in most jurisdictions. However, there are legal risks around whippets:

What’s Legal

Purchasing nitrous oxide for legitimate purposes
Possessing whipped cream chargers
Using nitrous oxide in medical procedures, culinary, or automotive applications

What’s Illegal

Inhaling nitrous oxide for intoxication in many states and countries
Selling nitrous oxide with knowledge of intended recreational use
Driving under the influence of nitrous oxide (DUI charges apply)
Providing nitrous oxide to minors for recreational purposes

This legal ambiguity makes nitrous oxide easily accessible, contributing to its popularity as a “legal high” despite being an illicit drug when used recreationally.

Are Whippets Dangerous? Understanding the Serious Health Risks

Despite common misconceptions about their safety, whippets pose significant health risks that can be immediate and life-threatening. The danger of whippits extends far beyond what most users realize, as evidenced by recent medical surveillance data.

The CDC’s Michigan surveillance study found that the most common clinical effects among nitrous oxide poison center cases were:

Tachycardia (19.4%)
Other neurologic symptoms (18.8%)
Numbness (16.7%)

Immediate Dangers and Toxic Effects

Oxygen Deprivation (Hypoxia) The most serious immediate risk is asphyxiation. Nitrous oxide displaces oxygen in the lungs, reducing oxygen levels and oxygen flow to vital body tissues. Users can become unconscious and suffer brain damage or sudden death from lack of oxygen. This lack of oxygen can cause dead brain cells and permanent neurological impairment.

Cardiac Complications Whippet inhalation can cause:

Irregular heart rhythm and irregular heartbeats
Heart dysfunction and potential heart failure
Dangerous drops in blood pressure affecting the heart

Physical Trauma Nitrous oxide causes rapid loss of coordination, leading to:

Falls and serious injuries
Head trauma from losing consciousness
Burns and cuts from hot dispensers
Broken bones from sudden collapse

Frostbite and Thermal Injuries Direct inhalation from pressurized containers can cause:

Severe frostbite to throat, lips, and lungs
Chemical burns from rapid gas expansion
Permanent damage to respiratory system

Long-Term Effects and Neurological Complications

Vitamin B12 Depletion and Inactivation of Vitamin Chronic nitrous oxide use interferes with the absorption of vitamin B12, an essential vitamin crucial for proper body functions. Research published in PubMed shows this depletion of vitamin B12 and inactivation of vitamin leads to:

Severe anemia affecting blood cells
Combined degeneration of the spinal cord
Demyelinating neuropathy affecting the dorsal column
Memory problems and cognitive impairment
Loss of coordination and muscle atrophy

Neurological Effects and Brain Damage Extended use causes serious neurological complications. A study in The Journal of Neurology documented cases of:

Peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage in hands and feet)
Spinal cord degeneration
Permanent memory loss affecting cognitive functions
Balance and coordination problems
Neurological symptoms that may be irreversible

Bone Marrow Damage and Blood Cell Effects Long-term use can cause:

Bone marrow damage affecting blood cell production
Severe anemia from damaged blood cells
Elevated levels of harmful substances in the body

Other Serious Health Complications

Kidney damage affecting body functions
Liver damage from toxic effects
Reproductive system damage
Muscle atrophy and weakness
Loss of appetite and nutritional deficiencies

Emerging Health Risks: Blood Clots and Cardiac Events

Recent research has identified new dangers. Studies documented in clinical literature show that chronic nitrous oxide abuse can cause:

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to elevated homocysteine levels
Increased risk of blood clots from vitamin B12 deficiency
Coronary artery disease through enhanced platelet activation
ST-elevation myocardial infarction in young users

Psychiatric Complications

The effects of whippet abuse extend to mental health:

Emotional dysregulation
Psychiatric symptoms including anxiety and depression
Intense drug cravings leading to compulsive use
Psychiatric complications that require specialized treatment

Signs of Whippet Abuse and Symptoms

Recognizing whippet abuse can be challenging due to the drug’s short-acting nature, but several warning signs may indicate regular use:

Physical Signs and Symptoms

Frequent sore throats or respiratory irritation
Unexplained facial rashes or burns around the mouth
Bruises or injuries from falls due to lack of coordination
Strange chemical odor on breath or clothing
Pale complexion or signs of anemia from blood cell damage
Neurological symptoms like tingling or numbness
Breathing trouble or respiratory issues

Behavioral Changes and Effects of Whippet Addiction

Possession of small metal cartridges or deflated balloons
Unusual interest in whipped cream or kitchen supplies
Memory problems or “spacing out” affecting cognitive functions
Decreased academic or work performance
Social withdrawal or new peer groups
Unexplained giddiness followed by lethargy
Signs of whippet abuse in daily behavior

Paraphernalia to Look For

Empty nitrous oxide canisters
Balloon remnants with chemical smell
Whipped cream dispensers without culinary use
Crackers or dispensing devices
Large quantities of whipped cream canisters from grocery stores

The Effects of Whippets: Understanding Addiction Potential

Yes, whippets can be highly addictive substances. While nitrous oxide doesn’t typically cause severe physical dependence like opioids, it can lead to inhalant use disorder and compulsive use patterns.

Research in The Lancet Public Health indicates that nitrous oxide has addictive potential, with studies showing that all participants in one small study met criteria for substance abuse and dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

How Addiction Develops

The effects of whippet use can quickly lead to addiction through:

Tolerance: Users need increasing amounts to achieve the same euphoric effect
Psychological Dependence: Intense drug cravings and obsessive thoughts about using
Compulsive Use: Inability to control or stop using despite negative effects
Withdrawal: Anxiety, depression, and intense cravings when not using

Signs of Substance Use Disorder

According to research from multiple studies, warning signs include:

Using whippets despite knowing the health complications
Inability to stop or control use despite harmful effects
Neglecting responsibilities to use whippets
Spending excessive money on whippet canisters
Using alone or in dangerous situations
Continuing use despite relationship or health problems
Experiencing effects of whippet addiction that interfere with daily life

Demographics and Risk Factors

Surveillance data reveals concerning patterns in whippet abuse:

Median age of users with serious complications: 21-23 years
37-59% of users were not employed or in education
Markers of social deprivation are associated with nitrous oxide use
Youth with psychiatric disorders are 91% more likely to use nitrous oxide

Comprehensive Treatment for Whippet Abuse and Addiction

Getting Professional Help

If you or someone you know is struggling with whippet abuse, comprehensive treatment is available at specialized treatment centers:

Outpatient Treatment Programs offer:

Individual and group therapy sessions
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
Motivational interviewing techniques
Relapse prevention planning
Family therapy and support

Intensive Treatment Programs (IOP) provide:

Structured treatment while maintaining daily responsibilities
Multiple therapy sessions per week addressing the effects of whippits
Peer support groups
Medical monitoring by a medical professional

Inpatient Treatment may be necessary for:

Severe addiction cases with neurological complications
Co-occurring mental health disorders
Multiple failed outpatient attempts
Medical complications from long-term use

Addressing the Journey to Recovery

Effective comprehensive treatment addresses why someone started using whippets:

Mental health disorders like anxiety or depression
Trauma or emotional pain
Social pressures or peer influence
Lack of healthy coping mechanisms
Underlying psychiatric complications

For individuals in the LGBTQ+ community, specialized treatment approaches are available. Learn more about LGBTQ+ affirming addiction treatment and how trauma can affect recovery.

Medical Treatment for Health Complications

Treatment may include:

Intramuscular vitamin B12 injections to address vitamin deficiency
Monitoring of blood cells and bone marrow function
Treatment for neurological effects and complications
Cardiac monitoring for heart-related issues
Respiratory support for breathing problems

Understanding trauma and substance abuse connections is crucial for comprehensive recovery.

Prevention and Education About the Dangerous Effects

Understanding the Full Scope of Harm

Education must emphasize that the effects of whippets include:

Immediate risk of sudden death from asphyxial deaths
Long-term neurological damage affecting brain cells
Serious health complications requiring medical intervention
Potential for developing substance use disorder
Legal risks despite easy availability in household products

Talking to Young People About the Potential Dangers

Prevention starts with honest, factual conversations about the real dangers:

Explain that “legal” doesn’t mean “safe”
Discuss the serious health risks, including neurological effects
Address peer pressure and decision-making skills
Provide healthy alternatives for stress relief
Warn about the addictive nature of these substances

For parents dealing with addiction in the family, understanding family roles in addiction can be helpful.

Warning Signs for Parents and Educators

Stay alert for:

Unexplained purchases of whipped cream from grocery stores
Small metal objects or balloon remnants
Changes in behavior or academic performance indicating effects of whippet use
New social groups or secretive behavior
Signs of cognitive impairment or poor coordination

Educational resources about addiction prevention can help families understand risk factors.

Comparing Whippets to Other Substances

While some users may think whippets are safer than other substances, including alcohol or other drugs, the reality is that nitrous oxide misuse carries unique and serious risks:

Unlike alcohol, whippets can cause immediate death from asphyxiation
The accessibility in everyday products makes them particularly dangerous for teens
The potential for neurological damage is severe and often irreversible
The combination of legal availability and dangerous effects creates a perfect storm

For those struggling with multiple substances, dual diagnosis treatment addresses co-occurring disorders.

Long-Term Health Effects and Recovery

Understanding Term Health Effects

The long-term effects of whippet abuse can be devastating:

Permanent neurological impairment affecting cognitive functions
Chronic vitamin B12 deficiency requiring ongoing medical treatment
Bone marrow damage that may not fully recover
Kidney damage and other organ complications
Psychiatric symptoms that persist even after stopping use

The Path to Recovery

Recovery from whippet addiction involves:

Comprehensive medical evaluation to assess damage
Treatment of vitamin deficiencies and neurological complications
Intensive therapy to address underlying issues
Family therapy to rebuild relationships
Long-term monitoring of health complications
Ongoing support to prevent relapse

For those needing structured support, intensive outpatient programs provide comprehensive care while maintaining daily responsibilities.

Specialized Treatment Considerations

LGBTQ+ Community and Whippet Abuse

Research shows higher rates of substance abuse in the LGBTQ+ community. Specialized programs addressing LGBTQ+ substance abuse understand unique challenges including:

Internalized homophobia contributing to substance use
Social pressures and discrimination
Need for affirming treatment environments

Mental Health and Co-Occurring Disorders

Many individuals struggling with whippet abuse also face mental health challenges. Our mental health rehab services address:

Anxiety and depression
Trauma-related disorders
Dual diagnosis treatment needs

Therapeutic Approaches

Effective treatment utilizes evidence-based therapies:

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for thought pattern modification
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for emotional regulation
EMDR therapy for trauma processing
Group therapy for peer support

Getting Help for Substance Abuse

No Matter What Recovery specializes in comprehensive treatment for individuals struggling with substance abuse, including inhalant use disorders like whippet addiction. Our evidence-based programs address both the addiction and underlying mental health issues that contribute to substance use.

Recovery is possible, and you don’t have to face addiction alone. Our treatment center provides the specialized care needed to address the complex effects of whippet abuse and support your journey to recovery. Contact our compassionate team today to learn how we can help you or your loved one begin the path to lasting sobriety.

This page has been medically reviewed by:

Eric Chaghouri, M.D.

Dr. Eric Chaghouri is our Medical Director at No Matter What Recovery. Since completing his forensic psychiatry fellowship, he has established a successful and thriving practice in Southern California, focusing on treatment of co-occurring psychiatric and addictive disorders.